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Mediji
EU Legislation
The Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) of the European Parliament and of the Council
covers all services with audiovisual content, regardless of the technology used to deliver the content. The rules apply whether you watch audiovisual content on TV, online, via cable or on a mobile device. Taking into account the degree of user choice and control over services, the Audiovisual Media Services Directive distinguishes between linear (television broadcasting) and non-linear (on-demand) services.
The European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) regulates media freedom, the protection of journalistic freedom and editorial independence, strengthens the transparency of media ownership and funding sources, promotes the sustainability and visibility of trustworthy, editorially curated media, ensures the independent functioning of public service media, guarantees the transparency of state advertising and protects media in situations where very large online platforms unjustifiably remove media content. The aim of the EMFA is to establish a common framework for all types of media services in the European Union market, while preserving independence and promoting media pluralism. The EMFA Regulation is binding and directly applicable in all EU Member States, and it entered into force in August 2025.
The Digital Services Act is a comprehensive set of rules governing the responsibilities of digital service providers. The aim of the Digital Services Act is to contribute to a safe, predictable and trusted online environment, while protecting users’ fundamental rights and imposing proportionate obligations on providers of intermediary services, depending on the type, size and nature of the service.
The European Democracy Shield and the EU Strategy for Civil Society introduce concrete measures to protect the fundamental values of democratic systems – free individuals, free and fair elections, free and independent media, a strong civil society and resilient democratic institutions.
The three main pillars of action are:
- Safeguarding the integrity of the information space: Stepping up the fight against disinformation and foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) through more transparent online advertising and support for an independent European Network of Fact-Checkers.
- Stronger protection of elections and media: New guidelines on the safety of political actors, rules on the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) in electoral processes and a dedicated Media Resilience Programme providing financial support for independent and local journalism are being introduced.
- Empowering citizens and civil society: A new Civil Society Platform and an online Knowledge Hub are being launched to make it easier for associations and citizens to engage with institutions, to simplify access to EU funding and to provide rapid legal and financial support to organisations under pressure.
Regulation (EU) 2024/900 on the transparency and targeting of political advertising lays down common rules on the transparency of political advertising and the use of targeting techniques, particularly in the digital environment. The aim of the Regulation is to ensure that citizens can clearly recognise political advertisements and understand who finances them and how they are targeted. Most provisions of the Regulation apply from 10 October 2025.
The Regulation applies to providers of political advertising services, including online platforms and other intermediaries, and sets out obligations to label advertisements, publish relevant information and restrict the use of personal data for targeting purposes.
Council of Europe acts are international legal instruments through which the organisation promotes human rights, democracy and the rule of law. They are divided into legally binding treaties (conventions and charters) and non-binding instruments (recommendations, resolutions and declarations) that serve as guidelines for member states.
The purpose of Directive (EU) 2024/1069 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 April 2024 on protecting persons who engage in public participation from manifestly unfounded claims or abusive court proceedings is to remove obstacles to the proper functioning of civil proceedings while protecting natural and legal persons who engage in public participation on matters of public interest, including journalists, publishers, media organisations, whistleblowers and human rights defenders, as well as civil society organisations, NGOs, trade unions, artists, researchers and academics, from court proceedings brought against them to deter them from public participation.